<a href="/docs/blank_anonymous-linux-enforcement-agreement.pdf">anonymous</a>

  versions are available.  However, please <strong>do not</strong> sign these

  unilaterally without contacting and discussing

  with <a href="mailto:linux-services@sfconservancy.org">&lt;linux-services@sfconservancy.org&gt;</a>

  first.</p>

<h2>The Debian Copyright Aggregation Project</h2>

<p>In August 2015, <a href="/news/2015/aug/17/debian/">Conservancy announced the Debian Copyright Aggregation

Project</a>.  This project allows Debian contributors to assign copyrights to

Conservancy, or sign enforcement agreements allowing Conservancy to enforce

Free and Open Source (FOSS) licenses on their behalf.  Many Debian contributors

have chosen each of these options already, and more continue to join.</p>

<p>Debian contributors who wish to assign copyright to or sign an enforcement agreement with

Conservancy should contact <a href="mailto:debian-services@sfconservancy.org">&lt;debian-services@sfconservancy.org&gt;</a>.</p>

<h2>Conservancy's Commitment to Copyleft License Compliance</h2>

<p>Conservancy is dedicated to encouraging all users of software to comply

  with Free Software licenses. Toward this goal, in its compliance efforts,

  Conservancy helps distributors of Free Software in a friendly spirit of

  cooperation and participation.  In this spirit, Conservancy has co-published,

  follow in their compliance efforts</a>.

  Also in collaboration with the FSF, Conservancy also sponsors

  the <a href="https://copyleft.org/guide/"><cite>Copyleft and the GNU

  General Public License:A Comprehensive Tutorial and Guide</cite></a>,

  which <a href="/news/2014/nov/07/copyleft-org/">formally

  launched in fall 2014</a>.  The Guide includes tutorial materials about

  copyleft and compliance with copyleft licenses,

  including <a href="https://copyleft.org/guide/comprehensive-gpl-guidepa2.html"><cite>A

  Practical Guide to GPL Compliance</cite></a>.  The materials

  on <a href="https://copyleft.org/">copyleft.org</a> have been developed and

  improved since 2002, and are themselves copylefted, and developed

  collaboratively in public.</p>

<p>However, the Guide is admittedly a large document, so for those who are

  interested in a short summary of describing how Conservancy handles GPL

  enforcement and compliance

  work, <a href="https://sfconservancy.org/blog/2012/feb/01/gpl-enforcement/">this

  blog post outlining the compliance process</a> is likely the best source.</p>

<h2>Reporting GPL Violations To Us</h2>

<p>If you are aware of a license violation or compliance issue regarding

  Debian, Linux, or

  any <a href="https://sfconservancy.org/members/current/">Conservancy member

state specific enforcement methodologies (other than license termination itself)

in part because the real world situation of GPL violations varies;

rigidity impedes success. </p>

<p>In particular, this list of principles purposely does not seek to

create strict criteria and/or “escalation and mediation

rules” for enforcement action. Efforts to do that limit the

ability of copyright holders to use copyleft licenses for their

intended effect: to stand up for the rights of users to copy, modify,

and redistribute free software.</p>

<p>The GPL,

enforced when necessary according to these principles, provides a

foundation for respectful, egalitarian, software-sharing

communities.

</p>

<div class="doc-footer">

  <p>This document is also published on <a href="https://fsf.org/licensing/enforcement-principles">FSF's site</a>.</p>

  <p>We revise these principles from time to time based on community feedback.  Please <a href="https://lists.sfconservancy.org/mailman/listinfo/principles-discuss">subscribe to our principles-discuss list</a> to follow the discussion and share your thoughts with us.</p>

</div>

<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, Free Software Foundation, Inc., Software Freedom Conservancy, Inc., Bradley M. Kuhn, Allison Randal, Karen M. Sandler.

<br/>Licensed under the <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.

<a href="https://fsf.org/licensing/enforcement-principles">[2]</a>) are preserved in modified and/or redistributed versions.</p>

{% endblock %}

<p>이 원칙은 엄격한 규정으로써 이를 적용하기 위함이 아니다. 컴플라이언스를

달성하기 위해서는 위반자의 상황에 대한 이해가 요구되며 이는 위반에 대한 핑계를

찾기 위함이 아니라 해당 위법자를 컴플라이언스 이행으로 이끌 수 있는 방법을

파악하기 위함이다. 카피레프트 라이선스는(라이선스 권한 박탈 그 자체는 제외)

구체적인 시행 방법을 기술하고 있지 않는데 실제 GPL 위반 상황이 매우 다양하고,

  너무 혹독한 규제가 오히려 성공을 저해하기 때문이다.</p>

<p>특히, 본 원칙 목록은 엄격한 기준 및/혹은 시행 조치 관련 “상정 및 중재

규칙” 등을 수립하지 않고 있다. 이를 위한 노력이 오히려 소프트웨어를 카피,

변형, 재배포할 수 있는 사용자 권리를 옹호하고자 하는 저작권자들의 카피레프트

라이선스를 사용 능력을 저해할 수 있다.</p>

<p>GPL 은 필요시 이러한 원칙에 의거 시행되었을 때 존경받는, 평등한 소프트웨어

공유 커뮤니티 형성을 위한 기반을 제공한다.</p>

<p></em>[ 본 문서는 <a href="https://fsf.org/licensing/enforcement-principles">FSF

    사이트</a> 에서도 확인할 수 있습니다. ]</em></p>

<p>Copyright &copy; 2015, Free Software Foundation, Inc., Software Freedom Conservancy, Inc., Bradley M. Kuhn, Allison Randal, Karen M. Sandler.

<br/>Licensed under the <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.

<br/>에 의거

허가됨. 해당 라이선스의 제 3 조제(a)항제(1)호제(A)목제(i)단 및

제 3 조제(a)항제(1)호제(A)목제(v)단에 의거하여 본 문서의 저작권자는 본 문서의

<a href="https://fsf.org/licensing/enforcement-principles">[2]</a>)

유지되기를 요청하는 바입니다.<br/>

이 번역자료는 한국저작권위원회(www.copyright.or.kr)의 지원으로 번역, 배포 되었습니다.<br/>

This content has been translated and distributed by <a href="http://www.copyright.or.kr">Korean Copyright Commission</a>.</p>

{% endblock %}

it was given and comply with copyleft, and stop those don't.</p>

<p>We know that copyleft isn't a favorite licensing strategy for some in our

community.  Even so, this case will help bring clarity on the question of

combined and derivative works, and is essential to the future of all software

freedom.  This case deserves support from copyleft and non-copyleft free

software communities alike.</p>

<h3>Show you care</h3>

<p>Bad actors have become complacent because they think you don't care.  A

  strong show of public support for Conservancy and Christoph's position will

  help our legal case and demonstrate the interpretive context for it.

  Please <a href="#donate-box" class="donate-now">donate</a> to our campaign to enforce the GPL.  Help Conservancy

  increase its number of individual donors, so we have clear evidence to show

  bad actors that the GPL matters to the individuals in our community.

  After you <a href="#donate-box" class="donate-now">donate</a>, go and tell the world: &ldquo;Play by the rules, @VMware. I defend the #GPL with Christoph &amp; @Conservancy. #DTRTvmware  Help at https://sfconservancy.org/supporter/ &rdquo; on your blog or microblog.

  </p>

<h3>Isn't the combined works and/or derivative works question a legal grey area?</h3>

<p>We don't think so, but this case will let the court to decide that question.

Either way, it's beneficial to our entire community to find out what the

information</a>.)</p>

<p>Help us pay for this expensive lawsuit and to generally defend software

  freedom and the GPL.  Help us show the world that copyleft matters.  We are excited 

  to announce that we already reached an anonymous match for this campaign, where every dollar donated 

  was matched up to $50,000. However, that $100,000 is just an initial step

  and there is so much GPL enforcement work to do.  So, please

  donate now: by becoming <a href="/supporter/">a Conservancy Supporter</a> or

  via <a href="#donate-box" class="donate-now">donate link on the right</a>.</p>

<h3>Want To Know More?</h3>

<p>Watch the video below of Conservancy Executive Director, Karen Sandler,

  <a href="/news/2015/mar/31/libreplanet/">delivering a keynote on this topic

  at

    LibrePlanet 2015</a>:</p>

<p>

 <video controls

         preload="auto" class="video-js vjs-default-skin"

         data-setup='{"height": 276,

                      "width": 640 }'>

    <source src="https://media.libreplanet.org/mgoblin_media/media_entries/113/karen-sandler-keynote-2015.medium.webm"

              type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis""

             />

 </video>

</p>

    the lawsuit</a>.</p>

{% endblock %}

  <dd>Christoph is one of most active developers of the Linux kernel. He has

   contributed 279,653 lines of code to the latest Linux 3.19 kernel, and

   thus ranks 20th among the 1,340 developers involved in that release.

   Christoph also ranks 4th among those who have reviewed third-party source

   code, and he has tirelessly corrected and commented on other developers'

   contributions.</dd>

  <dt id="court-documents">Are the court documents released?</dt>

  <dd>Not currently.  Court proceedings are not public by default in Germany

  (unlike in the USA).  Conservancy will continue to update this FAQ with

  information that Conservancy knows about the case.  We would all also

  welcome an agreement with VMware whereby both sides would agree to publish

  all Court documents.  Unfortunately, VMware has explicitly asked for the

  filings not to be published.   Accordingly, Conservancy itself has not

  even been able to review VMware's statement of defense nor Christoph's

  response to that statement of defense.</dd>

  <dt id="funding">Who's funding this lawsuit?</dt>

  <dd>Conservancy has engaged in a grant agreement with Christoph Hellwig for

  the purposes of pursuing this specific legal action in Germany.

  Conservancy is funding this legal action specifically as part of

  Conservancy's program activity in

  Project for Linux Developers</a>.</dd>

  <dt id="combined-and-derivative-works">Is this the Great Test Case of Combined / Derivative Works?</dt>

  <dd>This case is specifically regarding a combined work that VMware

  allegedly created by combining their own code (“vmkernel”) with

  portions of Linux's code, which was licensed only under GPLv2.  As such,

  this, to our knowledge, marks the first time an enforcement case is

  exclusively focused on this type of legal question relating to GPL.

  However, there are so many different ways to make combined and/or

  derivative works that are covered by GPL that no single case could possibly

  include all such issues. </dd>

  <dt id="why-lawsuit">Why must you file a lawsuit?  Isn't there any other way to convince

    VMware to comply with GPL?</dt>

  <dd><p>Neither Conservancy nor Christoph takes this action lightly nor without

  exhausting every other possible alternative first.  This lawsuit is the

    outgrowth of years of effort to convince VMware to comply with GPL.</p>

    <p>In October 2011, Conservancy received a GPL violation report on

  BusyBox for VMware's ESXi products.  Conservancy opened the matter in its

  usual, friendly, and non-confrontational way.  Nevertheless, VMware

  immediately referred Conservancy to VMware's outside legal counsel in the

  interoperability module, but rather an arbitrary separation of the Linux

  derived module from vmkernel.   Specifically, vmklinux is nonfunctional

  with any non-ESX OS, and vmklinux is tied intimately to a specific version

  of ESXi.  Vmklinux does not allow reuse of unmodified Linux drivers in

  binary or source form.  Christoph further points out that if the Court

  allows proprietarization of an arbitrary split portion of GPL'd computer

  programs, it could allow redistributors to trivially bypass the strong

  copyleft terms found in the GPL.  Finally, the response explains that

  vmkernel and vmklinux don't “communicate over an interface”,

  rather they run in the same process as a single computer program.  Thus,

  VMK API, as used by vmklinux, is not an “interface” as set

  forth in

  the <a href="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:32009L0024&from=EN">EU

      Directive 2009/24/EC</a>.</dd>

  <dt id="tech">Can you explain further how VMware incorporated code from Linux into

  their kernel?</dt>

  <dd>

  <p id="diagram">

    Conservancy prepared this diagram to show the technical situation as we

    understand it.  The diagram compares the technical architecture of a full,

    running Linux kernel with a full, running VMware kernel:

    <p>

    </p>

    <p>If you want to download the diagram, it's available

    (German)</a>.</p>

  </dd>

  <dt>Can you explain further in words (rather than a picture) about the central

  component in ESXi that the lawsuit alleges violates the GPL?</dt>

<dd>

    <p>The GPL violation at issue involves VMware's ESXi product.

    Conservancy independently reviewed ESXi 5.5 and its incomplete

      <abbr title="complete, corresponding source">CCS</abbr>

    release as part of our GPL enforcement efforts described above.</p>

    <p>Conservancy's preliminary investigation indicated that the operating

    system kernel of VMware ESXi product consists of three key components:

        <ul>

          <li> the proprietary component &ldquo;vmkernel&rdquo;, which is

            released in binary form only,</li>

            <li>the kernel module &ldquo;vmklinux&rdquo;, which contains modified Linux

Code, and for which (at least some) source code is provided.

            <li>other kernel modules with device drivers, most of which are

            modified Linux drivers, and for which (at least some) source code

              is provided.</li>

        </ul>

    <p>Conservancy examined the incomplete CCS alongside the

and then run <code>find /vmfs -name misc_dri.v00 -print</code>.  On the

resulting file, run <code>zcat misc_dri.v00 &gt; misc_dri.vmtar</code> then

<code>vmtar -x misc_dri.vmtar -o misc_dri.tar</code>.  You can then extract

<code>misc_dri.tar</code> using the usual <code>tar</code> to extract

<code>usr/lib/vmware/vmkmod/vmklinux_9</code>.  The <code>misc_dri.v00</code>

file is also available next to <code>k.b00</code> in the root directory of

the ISO (mentioned above), but the <code>vmtar</code> command itself is only

available when logged into an ESXi system. <code>vmtar</code> can be found

at <code>bin/vmtar</code> inside

<code>sb.v00</code> on the ISO, but one needs <code>vmtar</code> to open

<code>sb.v00</code>, similar to <code>misc_dri.v00</code> above.</li>

</ol>

  <p>Note that VMware may present you with <abbr title="End User Licensing Agreement">EULA</abbr>s and <abbr title="Terms of Service">ToS</abbr> when you download

  software from VMware's website.  Conservancy strongly suggests that you review these

  terms in great detail with the assistance of your own legal counsel before

  downloading the software and/or engaging in the process that Conservancy

  discusses above.</p>

<dt id="similarity-analysis">How do you know Christoph's code is present in

  VMware's work?</dt>

<dd>Conservancy

comparison analysis between Christoph's code and VMware's code</a>. This

particular analysis uses a two step process: (a) use Linux's public Git logs

to find Christoph's contributions from Christoph, and (b) use a widely

accepted and heavily academically cited tool, CCFinderX, to show that VMware

copied Christoph's code into their product.</dd>

<dt id="appeal">I heard that Christoph's case was dismissed.  Is that

  true?</dt>

  <dd>There was a ruling in July 2016 in the Hamburg District Court, which

    dismissed Christoph's case against VMware.  The ruling concerned German

    evidence law and the Court did not rule on the merits of the case. The

    ruling centered around German evidentary rules related to documenting

    Christoph's contributions that appear in VMware's product.

    In <a href="http://bombadil.infradead.org/~hch/vmware/2016-08-09.html">a

    statement on his website</a>, Christoph Hellwig announced that he will

    appeal the ruling. Christoph also published

    (in <a href="http://bombadil.infradead.org/~hch/vmware/Urteil_2016-07-08.pdf">German</a>

    and <a href="http://bombadil.infradead.org/~hch/vmware/Judgment_2016-07-08.pdf">English)

    the Court's ruling</a> which explains why the materials submitted did not

    satisfy German evidence rules — despite publicly available

    information in Linux's Git repositories. In addition, the Court chose not

    to seek expert testimony.</dd>

  <dt id="statements-of-support">Have others issued statements of support about this action?</dt>

“multiprocessing” packages.  The library includes a DNS

resolver, a WSGI server, a monkey patching utility to make 3rd party

protocol implementations cooperative and support for SSL sockets.</p>

<h2><a href="https://git-scm.com/">Git</a></h2>

<p>Git is a free and open source distributed version control system

  designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with

  speed and efficiency.</p>

<p>Every Git clone is a full-fledged repository with complete history and

  full revision tracking capabilities, not dependent on network access

  or a central server. Branching and merging are fast and easy to do.</p>

<p>Git is used for version control of files, much like tools such as

  Mercurial, Bazaar, Subversion, CVS, Perforce, and Visual SourceSafe.</p>

<h2><a href="https://www.godotengine.org/">Godot Engine</a></h2>

<p>Godot is an advanced, feature packed, multi-platform 2D and 3D game

engine. It provides a huge set of common tools, so you can just focus on

making your game without reinventing the wheel. Godot is is completely Free

and Open Source under the MIT License.</p>

<p>The GPL Compliance Project for Linux Developers is comprised of

copyright holders in the kernel, Linux, who have contributed to Linux

under its license, the GPLv2. These copyright holders have formally asked

Conservancy to engage in compliance efforts for their copyrights in the

Linux kernel.</p>

<h2><a href="http://brew.sh/">Homebrew</a></h2>

<p>Homebrew is a software package manager for Apple's OS X operating 

system. Homebrew installs the free and open source software that OS X 

users need that Apple didn't install by default.</p>

<h2><a href="https://inkscape.org/">Inkscape</a></h2>

<p>Inkscape is an Open Source vector graphics editor, with capabilities

similar to Illustrator, Freehand, CorelDraw, or Xara X using the

open-standard Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) file format. Inkscape's

main goal is to create a powerful and convenient drawing tool fully

compliant with XML, SVG, and CSS standards.</p>

<p>In contrast to raster (bitmap) graphics editors such as Photoshop or

Gimp, Inkscape stores its graphics in a vector format. Vector graphics

is a resolution-independent description of the actual shapes and

    data-expanded-text="Paper Check:">Paper Check</h4>

    <div class="toggle-content">

    Send paper check for $120 to:<br/>

    Software Freedom Conservancy, Inc.<br/>

    137 MONTAGUE ST  STE 380<br/>

    BROOKLYN, NY 11201-3548 &nbsp; USA<br/>

    Please write <q>SUPPORTER</q> and t-shirt size in memo line. 

    </div><!-- /.toggle-content -->

</div><!-- /.toggle.unit -->

<p><a href="/donate">Even More Ways to Donate</a></p>

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</td></tr></table>

</div>

<div class="content-with-donate-sidebar">

  <h1><img class="appeal-header" alt="Become a Conservancy Supporter!" src="/img/conservancy-supporter-header.png"/></h1>

<p>Software Freedom Conservancy is an essential organization to free and

open source software. We are the home of over

<a href="/members/current/">30 projects</a> like 

<a href="http://git-scm.org">Git</a>,

<a href="http://inkscape.org">Inkscape</a>, <a href="http://samba.org">Samba</a>,

Developers</a>, <a href="http://pypy.org">PyPy</a> and

<a href="http://sugarlabs.org/">Sugar Labs</a> just to name a few. Conservancy is a "fiscal sponsor plus",

providing everything that our projects need in a nonprofit. We help our

projects defend their trademarks, manage their assets, handle donations,

improve their community management, manage risk and assist them with all

legal needs they may have. While we do receive a portion of the revenue

donated to our projects, we keep that number low enough that it doesn't

even pay for a single staff member. <a href="#donate-box" class="donate-now">Help us</a> show that you care about

community-focused free software and help us be able to continue our

charitable work. Donating to Conservancy is a great non-technical way to

contribute to the cause.</p>

<img alt="*** The Conservancy T-Shirt that Supporters Receive ***" class="appeal" src="/img/conservancy-t-shirt.jpg"/>

<p>For the first time, we're launching a Supporter

program. For <a href="#donate-box" class="donate-now">an annual donation of $120</a>, you can

download an official Supporter card and receive a Conservancy t-shirt<a id="return-footnote-shirts-when"></a>. If

this is out of reach, please donate at whatever level you can - it makes a

big difference to us to know that you <a href="#donate-box" class="donate-now">support us</a>, and a little goes a long

way.</p>

<p>In addition to supporting our projects,

<ul>

  To support our copyleft compliance work,

  please&hellip; </p>

<p><span class="donate-box-highlight">Donate now via PayPal:</span>

</p>

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<p>Or, <a href="/supporter/#annual"><span class="donate-box-highlight">become a Conservancy

      Supporter</span></a> (&mdash; a better option if you're donating more

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                <abbr title="Frequently Asked Questions">FAQ</abbr> on VMware Lawsuit</a></li>

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{% comment %}

FUNDRAISER VARIABLES AND CONSTANTS GUIDE

fundraiser_goal_amount: The highest number of Supporters we want

fundraiser_so_far_amount: The number of Supporters we have

fundraiser_donation_count: The "minimum" number of Supporters we want (not currently used)

fundraiser_donation_count_disclose_threshold: The number of Supporters that have been matched

When we started the fundraiser, we had 660 Supporters matched.

PIA will match up to 416.

660+416==1076, so we use that constant to see if our match is done.

{% endcomment %}

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