TaxImplication: improve wording on what W2 means

W2 really means it's income reportable as USA federal income by an
employee on their W2.

TaxReporting: new documentation tag for tax info.

This new optional documentation tag goes along with TaxImplication tag
to explain how the TaxImplication ended up being true.

GrantLocation: new tag to help w/ 990 Schedule I&F

This new tag, for use in Expense accounts, will assist in collecting
data for filing Form 990 Schedule I (for USA domestic grants) and
Schedule F (for foreign grants).

E.g. of invoice for conference w/ split IncomeType

An example of an invoice for a conference where the income type is split
between RBI and Donations. Include a ledger reporting example that
shows the total of donations, and explain in the documentation why
that's useful.

Standardize on 'Expenses" in account names

We've concluded that the top-of-hierarchy account name for Expenses
should be Expenses, not Expense. This change normalizes the tutorial
text and examples to Expenses.

Fix negative bugs

Signed-off-by: Dimitri John Ledkov <xnox@spi-inc.org>

Initial documentation for Income accounts, including tagging requirements.

Implemented in the config-accounts.ledger is an incomeChecker() function that
matches the documentation requirements.

Require and Entity and TaxImplication tag for outgoing payments over $10.

This now enforces what was said in the documentation in the previous commit:

The `TaxImplication:` tag is used for all `Asset:` accounts when the
transaction includes a payment of $10.00 or more leaving the
account. .... An [`Entity:` tag](entity-tag) should always go along with a
TaxImplication tag.

Initial documentation of the TaxImplication tag.
Includes declaration in the configuration for TaxImplication tag.

First documentation for the Entity: tag.

Included also is a ledger command to get the list of all tag values.

Fix awkward descriptions: details on the tags were under the account tag requirements.

Thus, I factored the text regarding the linking to documents that was in the
Expense account section into the section on describing the tags themselves,
and then merely linked back to that.

Initial documentation of the Program: tag.
Includes introduction of the section about making use of these tags.

Add example that explains very briefly how tagging works in Ledger CLI.

Since this system relies so heavily on tagging, even though we assume the
reader is generally familiar with Ledger CLI, it's worth ensuring they know
the basics of how tagging works.

Also added herein is the example used in the text over to the Ledger file
itself.

Split out config-npo.ledger into four different files.

I realized that it makes more sense, even if it does create extra files, for
the accounts, commodities and tags declarations of the project to be
carefully split into different files. It's definitely more didactic to have
separate files for these declarations, to note that they are, in fact,
separable.

More to that point, users who cut-and-paste from this project into their own
setup will likely be least interested in the chart of accounts, which is
likely to be the longest file by far. The tags will probably be the most
interesting, so it's important they are in a stand-alone file that can be
easily found.

Properly declare Receipt, Invoice, and Statement tags.

The Statement, Receipt, and Invoice tags' values should always a be a
relative path names. Note that we "check", but do not "assert" that the file
name match a standard Unix-like path syntax, without spaces in the file name.

"Conservancy" is obviously what Conservancy calls the "Main Org" internally,
but this tutorial should not include those.

Herein I correct that error from a recent commit.

Initial documentation for Expense: documentation requirements.

This includes some additions to the example ledger files.

Create top-level books.ledger for the entire books of the org.

Really, the right place to include the configuration is from here, not the
individual files.

Basic organizational expense accounts, with a tester function for assert.

Note that Expense account entries need to be tagged with an Invoice, Receipt,
or Statement tag (those tag declarations will be added in next commit).

payee with "NEVER CHARGED"
==========================

The only exception is when the payee has been modified to indicate that the
expense was "NEVER CHARGED". This was a special-case we encountered where we
were expecting something, they never invoiced us, and it turns out the thing
to be invoiced for never happened.

Typically, we'd just remove the entry from the Ledger file, and allow the VCS
to log the fact that we thought we'd be charged and weren't. However, in
this case, the expense had been post-audit and therefore was a permanent
fixture on our books. Changing the payee allowed it to pass checks.

However, going forward, we'd likely never enter anything the ledger UNTIL we
had real proof via an Invoice, Receipt or Statement that showed the Expense
did/should occur.