<p class="lead">Get the lowdown on the key pieces of Bootstrap's infrastructure, including our approach to better, faster, stronger web development.</p>
<h3 id="overview-doctype">HTML5 doctype</h3>
<p>Bootstrap makes use of certain HTML elements and CSS properties that require the use of the HTML5 doctype. Include it at the beginning of all your projects.</p>
{% highlight html %}
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
...
</html>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3 id="overview-mobile">Mobile first</h3>
<p>With Bootstrap 2, we added optional mobile friendly styles for key aspects of the framework. With Bootstrap 3, we've rewritten the project to be mobile friendly from the start. Instead of adding on optional mobile styles, they're baked right into the core. In fact, <strong>Bootstrap is mobile first</strong>. Mobile first styles can be found throughout the entire library instead of in separate files.</p>
<p>To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, <strong>add the viewport meta tag</strong> to your <code><head></code>.</p>
<p>You can disable zooming capabilities on mobile devices by adding <code>user-scalable=no</code> to the viewport meta tag. This disables zooming, meaning users are only able to scroll, and results in your site feeling a bit more like a native application. Overall we don't recommend this on every site, so use caution!</p>
<p>Images in Bootstrap 3 can be made responsive-friendly via the addition of the <code>.img-responsive</code> class. This applies <code>max-width: 100%;</code> and <code>height: auto;</code> to the image so that it scales nicely to the parent element.</p>
<h3 id="overview-type-links">Typography and links</h3>
<p>Bootstrap sets basic global display, typography, and link styles. Specifically, we:</p>
<ul>
<li>Remove <code>margin</code> on the body</li>
<li>Set <code>background-color: white;</code> on the <code>body</code></li>
<li>Use the <code>@font-family-base</code>, <code>@font-size-base</code>, and <code>@line-height-base</code> attributes as our typographic base</li>
<li>Set the global link color via <code>@link-color</code> and apply link underlines only on <code>:hover</code></li>
</ul>
<p>These styles can be found within <code>scaffolding.less</code>.</p>
<h3 id="overview-normalize">Normalize</h3>
<p>For improved cross-browser rendering, we use <a href="http://necolas.github.io/normalize.css/" target="_blank">Normalize</a>, a project by <a href="http://twitter.com/necolas" target="_blank">Nicolas Gallagher</a> and <a href="http://twitter.com/jon_neal" target="_blank">Jonathan Neal</a>.</p>
<h3 id="overview-container">Containers</h3>
<p>Easily center a page's contents by wrapping its contents in a <code>.container</code>. Containers set <code>max-width</code> at various media query breakpoints to match our grid system.</p>
<p class="lead">Bootstrap includes a responsive, mobile first fluid grid system that appropriately scales up to 12 columns as the device or viewport size increases. It includes <a href="#grid-example-basic">predefined classes</a> for easy layout options, as well as powerful <a href="#grid-less">mixins for generating more semantic layouts</a>.</p>
<h3 id="grid-media-queries">Media queries</h3>
<p>We use the following media queries to create the key breakpoints in our grid system.</p>
{% highlight css %}
/* Extra small devices (phones, up to 480px) */
/* No media query since this is the default in Bootstrap */
/* Small devices (tablets, 768px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-tablet) { ... }
/* Medium devices (desktops, 992px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-desktop) { ... }
/* Large devices (large desktops, 1200px and up) */
@media (min-width: @screen-large-desktop) { ... }
{% endhighlight %}
<p>We occasionally expand on these media queries to include a <code>max-width</code> to limit CSS to a narrower set of devices.</p>
{% highlight css %}
@media (max-width: @screen-phone-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-tablet) and (max-width: @screen-tablet-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-desktop) and (max-width: @screen-desktop-max) { ... }
@media (min-width: @screen-large-desktop) { ... }
{% endhighlight %}
<h3 id="grid-options">Grid options</h3>
<p>See how aspects of the Bootstrap grid system work across multiple devices with a handy table.</p>
<p>Using a single set of <code>.col-md-*</code> grid classes, you can create a basic grid system that starts out stacked on mobile devices and tablet devices (the extra small to small range) before becoming horizontal on desktop (medium) devices.</p>
<div class="bs-docs-grid">
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row show-grid">
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>
</div>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3 id="grid-example-mixed">Example: Mobile and desktop</h3>
<p>Don't want your columns to simply stack in smaller devices? Use the extra small and medium device grid classes by adding <code>.col-xs-*</code> <code>.col-md-*</code> to your columns. See the example below for a better idea of how it all works.</p>
<p>With the four tiers of grids available you're bound to run into issues where, at certain breakpoints, your columns don't clear quite right as one is taller than the other. To fix that, use a combination of a <code>.clearfix</code> and our <a href="../css#responsive-utilities">responsive utility classes</a>.</p>
<p>In addition to column clearing at responsive breakpoints, you may need to <strong>reset offsets, pushes, or pulls</strong>. Those resets are available for medium and large grid tiers only, since they start only at the (second) small grid tier.</p>
<p>Move columns to the right using <code>.col-md-offset-*</code> classes. These classes increase the left margin of a column by <code>*</code> columns. For example, <code>.col-md-offset-4</code> moves <code>.col-md-4</code> over four columns.</p>
<p>To nest your content with the default grid, add a new <code>.row</code> and set of <code>.col-md-*</code> columns within an existing <code>.col-md-*</code> column. Nested rows should include a set of columns that add up to 12.</p>
<p>In addition to <a href="#grid-example-basic">prebuilt grid classes</a> for fast layouts, Bootstrap includes LESS variables and mixins for quickly generating your own simple, semantic layouts.</p>
<h4>Variables</h4>
<p>Variables determine the number of columns, the gutter width, and the media query point at which to begin floating columns. We use these to generate the predefined grid classes documented above, as well as for the custom mixins listed below.</p>
{% highlight css %}
@grid-columns: 12;
@grid-gutter-width: 30px;
@grid-float-breakpoint: 768px;
{% endhighlight %}
<h4>Mixins</h4>
<p>Mixins are used in conjunction with the grid variables to generate semantic CSS for individual grid columns.</p>
{% highlight css %}
// Creates a wrapper for a series of columns
.make-row(@gutter: @grid-gutter-width) {
// Then clear the floated columns
.clearfix();
@media (min-width: @screen-small) {
margin-left: (@gutter / -2);
margin-right: (@gutter / -2);
}
// Negative margin nested rows out to align the content of columns
<p>You can modify the variables to your own custom values, or just use the mixins with their default values. Here's an example of using the default settings to create a two-column layout with a gap between.</p>
<p>All HTML headings, <code><h1></code> through <code><h6></code> are available.</p>
<div class="bs-example bs-example-type">
<table class="table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><h1>h1. Bootstrap heading</h1></td>
<td>Semibold 36px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h2>h2. Bootstrap heading</h2></td>
<td>Semibold 30px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h3>h3. Bootstrap heading</h3></td>
<td>Semibold 24px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h4>h4. Bootstrap heading</h4></td>
<td>Semibold 18px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h5>h5. Bootstrap heading</h5></td>
<td>Semibold 14px</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><h6>h6. Bootstrap heading</h6></td>
<td>Semibold 12px</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<h1>...</h1>
<h2>...</h2>
<h3>...</h3>
<h4>...</h4>
<h5>...</h5>
<h6>...</h6>
{% endhighlight %}
<!-- Body copy -->
<h2 id="type-body-copy">Body copy</h2>
<p>Bootstrap's global default <code>font-size</code> is <strong>14px</strong>, with a <code>line-height</code> of <strong>1.428</strong>. This is applied to the <code><body></code> and all paragraphs. In addition, <code><p></code> (paragraphs) receive a bottom margin of half their computed line-height (10px by default).</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p>Nullam quis risus eget urna mollis ornare vel eu leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula.</p>
<p>Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit. Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.</p>
<p>Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna. Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula, eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<p>...</p>
{% endhighlight %}
<!-- Body copy .lead -->
<h3>Lead body copy</h3>
<p>Make a paragraph stand out by adding <code>.lead</code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p class="lead">Vivamus sagittis lacus vel augue laoreet rutrum faucibus dolor auctor. Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<p class="lead">...</p>
{% endhighlight %}
<!-- Using LESS -->
<h3>Built with Less</h3>
<p>The typographic scale is based on two LESS variables in <strong>variables.less</strong>: <code>@font-size-base</code> and <code>@line-height-base</code>. The first is the base font-size used throughout and the second is the base line-height. We use those variables and some simple math to create the margins, paddings, and line-heights of all our type and more. Customize them and Bootstrap adapts.</p>
<!-- Emphasis -->
<h2 id="type-emphasis">Emphasis</h2>
<p>Make use of HTML's default emphasis tags with lightweight styles.</p>
<h3>Small text</h3>
<p>For de-emphasizing inline or blocks of text, use the <code><small></code> tag to set text at 85% the size of the parent. Heading elements receive their own <code>font-size</code> for nested <code><small></code> elements.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p><small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small></p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<small>This line of text is meant to be treated as fine print.</small>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Bold</h3>
<p>For emphasizing a snippet of text with a heavier font-weight.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p>The following snippet of text is <strong>rendered as bold text</strong>.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<strong>rendered as bold text</strong>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Italics</h3>
<p>For emphasizing a snippet of text with italics.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p>The following snippet of text is <em>rendered as italicized text</em>.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<em>rendered as italicized text</em>
{% endhighlight %}
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-info">
<h4>Alternate elements</h4>
<p>Feel free to use <code><b></code> and <code><i></code> in HTML5. <code><b></code> is meant to highlight words or phrases without conveying additional importance while <code><i></code> is mostly for voice, technical terms, etc.</p>
</div>
<h3>Alignment classes</h3>
<p>Easily realign text to components with text alignment classes.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>
<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Emphasis classes</h3>
<p>Convey meaning through color with a handful of emphasis utility classes.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p class="text-muted">Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris nibh.</p>
<p class="text-primary">Nullam id dolor id nibh ultricies vehicula ut id elit.</p>
<p class="text-success">Duis mollis, est non commodo luctus, nisi erat porttitor ligula.</p>
<p class="text-info">Maecenas sed diam eget risus varius blandit sit amet non magna.</p>
<p class="text-warning">Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</p>
<p class="text-danger">Donec ullamcorper nulla non metus auctor fringilla.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<p class="text-muted">...</p>
<p class="text-primary">...</p>
<p class="text-success">...</p>
<p class="text-info">...</p>
<p class="text-warning">...</p>
<p class="text-danger">...</p>
{% endhighlight %}
<!-- Abbreviations -->
<h2 id="type-abbreviations">Abbreviations</h2>
<p>Stylized implementation of HTML's <code><abbr></code> element for abbreviations and acronyms to show the expanded version on hover. Abbreviations with a <code>title</code> attribute have a light dotted bottom border and a help cursor on hover, providing additional context on hover.</p>
<h3>Basic abbreviation</h3>
<p>For expanded text on long hover of an abbreviation, include the <code>title</code> attribute with the <code><abbr></code> element.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p>An abbreviation of the word attribute is <abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>.</p>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Initialism</h3>
<p>Add <code>.initialism</code> to an abbreviation for a slightly smaller font-size.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<p><abbr title="HyperText Markup Language" class="initialism">HTML</abbr> is the best thing since sliced bread.</p>
<p>Present contact information for the nearest ancestor or the entire body of work. Preserve formatting by ending all lines with <code><br></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
795 Folsom Ave, Suite 600<br>
San Francisco, CA 94107<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:#">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>
{% endhighlight %}
<!-- Blockquotes -->
<h2 id="type-blockquotes">Blockquotes</h2>
<p>For quoting blocks of content from another source within your document.</p>
<h3>Default blockquote</h3>
<p>Wrap <code><blockquote></code> around any <abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr> as the quote. For straight quotes, we recommend a <code><p></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
</blockquote>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
</blockquote>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Blockquote options</h3>
<p>Style and content changes for simple variations on a standard <code><blockquote></code>.</p>
<h4>Naming a source</h4>
<p>Add <code><small></code> tag for identifying the source. Wrap the name of the source work in <code><cite></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<small>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small>
</blockquote>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<blockquote>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<small>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small>
</blockquote>
{% endhighlight %}
<h4>Alternate displays</h4>
<p>Use <code>.pull-right</code> for a floated, right-aligned blockquote.</p>
<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Integer posuere erat a ante.</p>
<small>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></small>
</blockquote>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<blockquote class="pull-right">
...
</blockquote>
{% endhighlight %}
<!-- Lists -->
<h2 id="type-lists">Lists</h2>
<h3>Unordered</h3>
<p>A list of items in which the order does <em>not</em> explicitly matter.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<ul>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscing elit</li>
<li>Integer molestie lorem at massa</li>
<li>Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
<ul>
<li>Phasellus iaculis neque</li>
<li>Purus sodales ultricies</li>
<li>Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem</li>
<li>Ac tristique libero volutpat at</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel</li>
<li>Aenean sit amet erat nunc</li>
<li>Eget porttitor lorem</li>
</ul>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<ul>
<li>...</li>
</ul>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Ordered</h3>
<p>A list of items in which the order <em>does</em> explicitly matter.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<ol>
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscing elit</li>
<li>Integer molestie lorem at massa</li>
<li>Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat aliquam velit</li>
<li>Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel</li>
<li>Aenean sit amet erat nunc</li>
<li>Eget porttitor lorem</li>
</ol>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<ol>
<li>...</li>
</ol>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Unstyled</h3>
<p>Remove the default <code>list-style</code> and left margin on list items (immediate children only). <strong>This only applies to immediate children list items</strong>, meaning you will need to add the class for any nested lists as well.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet</li>
<li>Consectetur adipiscing elit</li>
<li>Integer molestie lorem at massa</li>
<li>Facilisis in pretium nisl aliquet</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat aliquam velit
<ul>
<li>Phasellus iaculis neque</li>
<li>Purus sodales ultricies</li>
<li>Vestibulum laoreet porttitor sem</li>
<li>Ac tristique libero volutpat at</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Faucibus porta lacus fringilla vel</li>
<li>Aenean sit amet erat nunc</li>
<li>Eget porttitor lorem</li>
</ul>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Inline</h3>
<p>Place all list items on a single line with <code>display: inline-block;</code> and some light padding.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<ul class="list-inline">
<li>Lorem ipsum</li>
<li>Phasellus iaculis</li>
<li>Nulla volutpat</li>
</ul>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<ul class="list-inline">
<li>...</li>
</ul>
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>Description</h3>
<p>A list of terms with their associated descriptions.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<dl>
<dt>Description lists</dt>
<dd>A description list is perfect for defining terms.</dd>
<dt>Euismod</dt>
<dd>Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.</dd>
<dd>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.</dd>
<dt>Malesuada porta</dt>
<dd>Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<dl>
<dt>...</dt>
<dd>...</dd>
</dl>
{% endhighlight %}
<h4>Horizontal description</h4>
<p>Make terms and descriptions in <code><dl></code> line up side-by-side. Starts off stacked like default <code><dl></code>s, but when the navbar expands, so do these.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<dl class="dl-horizontal">
<dt>Description lists</dt>
<dd>A description list is perfect for defining terms.</dd>
<dt>Euismod</dt>
<dd>Vestibulum id ligula porta felis euismod semper eget lacinia odio sem nec elit.</dd>
<dd>Donec id elit non mi porta gravida at eget metus.</dd>
<dt>Malesuada porta</dt>
<dd>Etiam porta sem malesuada magna mollis euismod.</dd>
<dt>Felis euismod semper eget lacinia</dt>
<dd>Fusce dapibus, tellus ac cursus commodo, tortor mauris condimentum nibh, ut fermentum massa justo sit amet risus.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<dl class="dl-horizontal">
<dt>...</dt>
<dd>...</dd>
</dl>
{% endhighlight %}
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-info">
<h4>Auto-truncating</h4>
<p>Horizontal description lists will truncate terms that are too long to fit in the left column with <code>text-overflow</code>. In narrower viewports, they will change to the default stacked layout.</p>
<p>For basic styling—light padding and only horizontal dividers—add the base class <code>.table</code> to any <code><table></code>. It may seem super redundant, but given the widespread use of tables for other plugins like calendars and date pickers, we've opted to isolate our custom table styles.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Larry</td>
<td>the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><!-- /example -->
{% highlight html %}
<table class="table">
...
</table>
{% endhighlight %}
<h2 id="tables-striped">Striped rows</h2>
<p>Use <code>.table-striped</code> to add zebra-striping to any table row within the <code><tbody></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger">
<h4>Cross-browser compatibility</h4>
<p>Striped tables are styled via the <code>:nth-child</code> CSS selector, which is not available in Internet Explorer 8.</p>
</div>
<div class="bs-example">
<table class="table table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td>Larry</td>
<td>the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><!-- /example -->
{% highlight html %}
<table class="table table-striped">
...
</table>
{% endhighlight %}
<h2 id="tables-bordered">Bordered table</h2>
<p>Add <code>.table-bordered</code> for borders on all sides of the table and cells.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<table class="table table-bordered">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td rowspan="2">1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@TwBootstrap</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><!-- /example -->
{% highlight html %}
<table class="table table-bordered">
...
</table>
{% endhighlight %}
<h2 id="tables-hover-rows">Hover rows</h2>
<p>Add <code>.table-hover</code> to enable a hover state on table rows within a <code><tbody></code>.</p>
<div class="bs-example">
<table class="table table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>First Name</th>
<th>Last Name</th>
<th>Username</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>1</td>
<td>Mark</td>
<td>Otto</td>
<td>@mdo</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Jacob</td>
<td>Thornton</td>
<td>@fat</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>3</td>
<td colspan="2">Larry the Bird</td>
<td>@twitter</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><!-- /example -->
{% highlight html %}
<table class="table table-hover">
...
</table>
{% endhighlight %}
<h2 id="tables-condensed">Condensed table</h2>
<p>Add <code>.table-condensed</code> to make tables more compact by cutting cell padding in half.</p>
<td>Applies the hover color to a particular row or cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>.success</code>
</td>
<td>Indicates a successful or positive action</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>.warning</code>
</td>
<td>Indicates a warning that might need attention</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code>.danger</code>
</td>
<td>Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="bs-example">
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>#</th>
<th>Column heading</th>
<th>Column heading</th>
<th>Column heading</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="active">
<td>1</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>2</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
<tr class="success">
<td>3</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>4</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
<tr class="warning">
<td>5</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>6</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
<tr class="danger">
<td>7</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
<td>Column content</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div><!-- /example -->
{% highlight html %}
<!-- On rows -->
<tr class="active">...</tr>
<tr class="success">...</tr>
<tr class="warning">...</tr>
<tr class="danger">...</tr>
<!-- On cells (`td` or `th`) -->
<tr>
<td class="active">...</td>
<td class="success">...</td>
<td class="warning">...</td>
<td class="danger">...</td>
</tr>
{% endhighlight %}
<h2 id="tables-responsive">Responsive tables</h2>
<p>Create responsive tables by wrapping any <code>.table</code> in <code>.table-responsive</code> to make them scroll horizontally up to small devices (under 768px). When viewing on anything larger than 768px wide, you will not see any difference in these tables.</p>
<p>Individual form controls automatically receive some global styling. All textual <code><input></code>, <code><textarea></code>, and <code><select></code> elements with <code>.form-control</code> are set to <code>width: 100%;</code> by default. Wrap labels and controls in <code>.form-group</code> for optimum spacing.</p>
<p>Add <code>.form-inline</code> for left-aligned and inline-block controls for a compact layout.</p>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger">
<h4>Requires custom widths</h4>
<p>Inputs, selects, and textareas are 100% wide by default in Bootstrap. To use the inline form, you'll have to set a width on the form controls used within.</p>
</div>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger">
<h4>Always add labels</h4>
<p>Screen readers will have trouble with your forms if you don't include a label for every input. For these inline forms, you can hide the labels using the <code>.sr-only</code> class.</p>
<p>Use Bootstrap's predefined grid classes to align labels and groups of form controls in a horizontal layout by adding <code>.form-horizontal</code> to the form. Doing so changes <code>.form-group</code>s to behave as grid rows, so no need for <code>.row</code>.</p>
<p>Examples of standard form controls supported in an example form layout.</p>
<h3>Inputs</h3>
<p>Most common form control, text-based input fields. Includes support for all HTML5 types: <code>text</code>, <code>password</code>, <code>datetime</code>, <code>datetime-local</code>, <code>date</code>, <code>month</code>, <code>time</code>, <code>week</code>, <code>number</code>, <code>email</code>, <code>url</code>, <code>search</code>, <code>tel</code>, and <code>color</code>.</p>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger">
<h4>Type declaration required</h4>
<p>Inputs will only be fully styled if their <code>type</code> is properly declared.</p>
<p>When you need to place plain text next to a form label within a horizontal form, use the <code>.form-control-static</code> class on a <code><p></code>.</p>
<p>Provide feedback to users or visitors with basic feedback states on form controls and labels.</p>
<h3 id="forms-input-focus">Input focus</h3>
<p>We remove the default <code>outline</code> styles on some form controls and apply a <code>box-shadow</code> in its place for <code>:focus</code>.</p>
<form class="bs-example">
<input class="form-control" id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused...">
</form>
{% highlight html %}
<input class="form-control" id="focusedInput" type="text" value="This is focused...">
<p>Add the <code>disabled</code> attribute to a <code><fieldset></code> to disable all the controls within the <code><fieldset></code> at once.</p>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning">
<h4>Link functionality of <code><a></code> not impacted</h4>
<p>This class will only change the appearance of <code><a class="btn btn-default"></code> buttons, not their functionality. Use custom JavaScript to disable links here.</p>
</div>
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-danger">
<h4>Cross-browser compatibility</h4>
<p>While Bootstrap will apply these styles in all browsers, Internet Explorer 9 and below don't actually support the <code>disabled</code> attribute on a <code><fieldset></code>. Use custom JavaScript to disable the fieldset in these browsers.</p>
<p>Bootstrap includes validation styles for error, warning, and success states on form controls. To use, add <code>.has-warning</code>, <code>.has-error</code>, or <code>.has-success</code> to the parent element. Any <code>.control-label</code>, <code>.form-control</code>, and <code>.help-block</code> within that element will receive the validation styles.</p>
<form class="bs-example">
<div class="form-group has-success">
<label class="control-label" for="inputSuccess">Input with success</label>
<p>If you add the <code>disabled</code> attribute to a <code><button></code>, Internet Explorer 9 and below will render text gray with a nasty text-shadow that we cannot fix.</p>
</div>
<h3>Anchor element</h3>
<p>Add the <code>.disabled</code> class to <code><a></code> buttons.</p>
<p>As a best practice, <strong>we highly recommend using the <code><button></code> element whenever possible</strong> to ensure matching cross-browser rendering.</p>
<p>Among other things, there's <a href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=697451">a Firefox bug</a> that prevents us from setting the <code>line-height</code> of <code><input></code>-based buttons, causing them to not exactly match the height of other buttons on Firefox.</p>
<img data-src="holder.js/140x140" src="data:image/png;base64," class="img-circle" alt="A generic square placeholder image where only the portion within the circle circumscribed about said square is visible">
<img data-src="holder.js/140x140" src="data:image/png;base64," class="img-thumbnail" alt="A generic square placeholder image with a white border around it, making it resemble a photograph taken with an old instant camera">
</div>
{% highlight html %}
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle">
<img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail">
{% endhighlight %}
<div class="bs-callout bs-callout-warning">
<h4>Responsive images</h4>
<p>Looking for how to make images more responsive? <a href="../css#overview-responsive-images">Check out the responsive images section</a> up top.</p>
<p>Float an element left with a class. Can also be used as a mixin.</p>
{% highlight html %}
<div class="pull-left">...</div>
{% endhighlight %}
{% highlight css %}
.pull-left {
float: left !important;
}
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>.pull-right</h3>
<p>Float an element right with a class. Can also be used as a mixin.</p>
{% highlight html %}
<div class="pull-right">...</div>
{% endhighlight %}
{% highlight css %}
.pull-right {
float: right !important;
}
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>.clearfix</h3>
<p>Clear the <code>float</code> on any element. Utilizes <a href="http://nicolasgallagher.com/micro-clearfix-hack/">the micro clearfix</a> as popularized by Nicolas Gallagher. Can also be used as a mixin.</p>
{% highlight html %}
<div class="clearfix">...</div>
{% endhighlight %}
{% highlight css %}
// Mixin
.clearfix() {
&:before,
&:after {
content: " ";
display: table;
}
&:after {
clear: both;
}
}
// Usage
.element {
.clearfix();
}
{% endhighlight %}
<h3>.sr-only</h3>
<p>Hide an element to all users <em>except</em> screen readers. Necessary for following <a href="{{ page.base_url }}getting-started#accessibility">accessibility best practices</a>.</p>
{% highlight html %}
<a class="sr-only" href="#content">Skip to content</a>
<p class="lead">For faster mobile-friendly development, use these utility classes for showing and hiding content by device via media query. Also included are utility classes for toggling content when printed.</p>
<p>Try to use these on a limited basis and avoid creating entirely different versions of the same site. Instead, use them to complement each device's presentation. <strong>Responsive utilities are currently only available for block and table toggling.</strong> Use with inline and table elements is currently not supported.</p>