If you run it with no arguments, it will generate an aging report in ODS format

in the current directory.

Otherwise, the typical way to run it is to pass an RT ticket number or

invoice link as an argument, to report about accruals that match those

criteria::

    # Report all accruals associated with RT#1230:

    accrual-report 1230

    # Report all accruals with the invoice link rt:45/670.

    accrual-report 45/670

    # Report all accruals with the invoice link Invoice980.pdf.

    accrual-report Invoice980.pdf

By default, to stay fast, accrual-report only looks for postings from the

beginning of the last fiscal year. You can search further back in history

by passing the ``--since`` argument. The argument can be a fiscal year, or

a negative number of how many years back to search::

    # Search for accruals since 2016

    accrual-report --since 2016 [search terms …]

    # Search for accruals from the beginning of three fiscal years ago

    accrual-report --since -3 [search terms …]

If you want to further limit what accruals are reported, you can match on

other metadata by passing additional arguments in ``name=value`` format.

You can pass any number of search terms. For example::

    # Report accruals associated with RT#1230 and Jane Doe

    accrual-report 1230 entity=Doe-Jane

accrual-report will automatically decide what kind of report to generate

from the search terms you provide and the results they return. If you pass

no search terms, it generates an aging report. If your search terms match a

single outstanding payable, it writes an outgoing approval report.

Otherwise, it writes a basic balance report. You can specify what report

type you want with the ``--report-type`` option::

    # Write an outgoing approval report for all outstanding accruals for

    # Jane Doe, even if there's more than one

    accrual-report --report-type outgoing entity=Doe-Jane

    # Write an aging report for a specific project

    accrual-report --report-type aging project=ProjectName

"""

# Copyright © 2020  Brett Smith

#

# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify

# it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by

# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or

# (at your option) any later version.

#

# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the

# GNU Affero General Public License for more details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License

# along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

import argparse

import collections

import datetime

import enum

import logging

import sys

import urllib.parse as urlparse

from pathlib import Path

from typing import (

    cast,

    Any,

    BinaryIO,

    Callable,

    Iterable,

    Iterator,

    List,

    Mapping,

    NamedTuple,

    Optional,

    Sequence,

    Set,

    TextIO,

    Tuple,

    TypeVar,

    Union,

)

from ..beancount_types import (

    Entries,

    Error,

    Errors,

    MetaKey,

    MetaValue,

    Transaction,

)

import odf.style  # type:ignore[import]

import odf.table  # type:ignore[import]

import rt

from beancount.parser import printer as bc_printer

from . import core

from .. import books

from .. import cliutil

from .. import config as configmod

from .. import data

from .. import filters

from .. import rtutil

PROGNAME = 'accrual-report'

PostGroups = Mapping[Optional[str], 'AccrualPostings']

T = TypeVar('T')

logger = logging.getLogger('conservancy_beancount.reports.accrual')

class Sentinel:

    pass

class Account(NamedTuple):

    name: str

    aging_thresholds: Sequence[int]

class AccrualAccount(enum.Enum):

    # Note the aging report uses the same order accounts are defined here.

    # See AgingODS.start_spreadsheet().

    RECEIVABLE = Account('Assets:Receivable', [365, 120, 90, 60])

    PAYABLE = Account('Liabilities:Payable', [365, 90, 60, 30])

    @classmethod

    def account_names(cls) -> Iterator[str]:

        return (acct.value.name for acct in cls)

    @classmethod

    def by_account(cls, name: data.Account) -> 'AccrualAccount':

        for account in cls:

            if name.is_under(account.value.name):

                return account

        raise ValueError(f"unrecognized account {name!r}")

    @classmethod

    def classify(cls, related: core.RelatedPostings) -> 'AccrualAccount':

        for account in cls:

            account_name = account.value.name

            if all(post.account.is_under(account_name) for post in related):

                return account

        raise ValueError("unrecognized account set in related postings")

    @property

    def normalize_amount(self) -> Callable[[T], T]:

        return core.normalize_amount_func(self.value.name)

class AccrualPostings(core.RelatedPostings):

    __slots__ = (

        'accrual_type',

        'end_balance',

        'account',

        'entity',

        'invoice',

    )

    INCONSISTENT = Sentinel()

    def __init__(self,

                 source: Iterable[data.Posting]=(),

                 *,

                 _can_own: bool=False,

    ) -> None:

        super().__init__(source, _can_own=_can_own)

        self.account = self._single_item(post.account for post in self)

        if isinstance(self.account, Sentinel):

            self.accrual_type: Optional[AccrualAccount] = None

            norm_func: Callable[[T], T] = lambda x: x

            entity_pred: Callable[[data.Posting], bool] = bool

        else:

            self.accrual_type = AccrualAccount.by_account(self.account)

            norm_func = self.accrual_type.normalize_amount

            entity_pred = lambda post: norm_func(post.units).number > 0

        self.entity = self._single_item(self.entities(entity_pred))

        self.invoice = self._single_item(self.first_meta_links('invoice', None))

        self.end_balance = norm_func(self.balance_at_cost())

    def _single_item(self, seq: Iterable[T]) -> Union[T, Sentinel]:

        items = iter(seq)

        try:

            item1 = next(items)

        except StopIteration:

            all_same = False

        else:

            all_same = all(item == item1 for item in items)

        return item1 if all_same else self.INCONSISTENT

    def entities(self, pred: Callable[[data.Posting], bool]=bool) -> Iterator[MetaValue]:

        return filters.iter_unique(

            post.meta['entity']

            for post in self

            if pred(post) and 'entity' in post.meta

        )

    def make_consistent(self) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, 'AccrualPostings']]:

        account_ok = isinstance(self.account, str)

        entity_ok = isinstance(self.entity, str)

        # `'/' in self.invoice` is just our heuristic to ensure that the

        # invoice metadata is "unique enough," and not just a placeholder

        # value like "FIXME". It can be refined if needed.

        invoice_ok = isinstance(self.invoice, str) and '/' in self.invoice

        if account_ok and entity_ok and invoice_ok:

            # type ignore for <https://github.com/python/mypy/issues/6670>

            yield (self.invoice, self)  # type:ignore[misc]

            return

        groups = collections.defaultdict(list)

        for post in self:

            post_invoice = self.invoice if invoice_ok else (

                post.meta.get('invoice') or 'BlankInvoice'

            )

            post_entity = self.entity if entity_ok else (

                post.meta.get('entity') or 'BlankEntity'

            )

            groups[f'{post.account} {post_invoice} {post_entity}'].append(post)

        type_self = type(self)

        for group_key, posts in groups.items():

            yield group_key, type_self(posts, _can_own=True)

    def is_paid(self, default: Optional[bool]=None) -> Optional[bool]:

        if self.accrual_type is None:

            return default

        else:

            return self.end_balance.le_zero()

    def is_zero(self, default: Optional[bool]=None) -> Optional[bool]:

        if self.accrual_type is None:

            return default

        else:

            return self.end_balance.is_zero()

    def since_last_nonzero(self) -> 'AccrualPostings':

        for index, (post, balance) in enumerate(self.iter_with_balance()):

            if balance.is_zero():

                start_index = index

        try:

            empty = start_index == index

        except NameError:

            empty = True

        return self if empty else self[start_index + 1:]

    @property

    def rt_id(self) -> Union[str, None, Sentinel]:

        return self._single_item(self.first_meta_links('rt-id', None))

class BaseReport:

    def __init__(self, out_file: TextIO) -> None:

        self.out_file = out_file

        self.logger = logger.getChild(type(self).__name__)

    def _report(self, posts: AccrualPostings, index: int) -> Iterable[str]:

        raise NotImplementedError("BaseReport._report")

    def run(self, groups: PostGroups) -> None:

        for index, invoice in enumerate(groups):

            for line in self._report(groups[invoice], index):

                print(line, file=self.out_file)

class AgingODS(core.BaseODS[AccrualPostings, Optional[data.Account]]):

    COLUMNS = [

        'Date',

        'Entity',

        'Invoice Amount',

        'Booked Amount',

        'Project',

        'Ticket',

        'Invoice',

        'Approval',

        'Contract',

        'Purchase Order',

    ]

    COL_COUNT = len(COLUMNS)

    def __init__(self,

                 rt_wrapper: rtutil.RT,

                 date: datetime.date,

                 logger: logging.Logger,

    ) -> None:

        super().__init__()

        self.rt_wrapper = rt_wrapper

        self.date = date

        self.logger = logger

    def init_styles(self) -> None:

        super().init_styles()

        self.style_widecol = self.replace_child(

            self.document.automaticstyles,

            odf.style.Style,

            name='WideCol',

        )

        self.style_widecol.setAttribute('family', 'table-column')

        self.style_widecol.addElement(odf.style.TableColumnProperties(

            columnwidth='1.25in',

        ))

    def section_key(self, row: AccrualPostings) -> Optional[data.Account]:

        if isinstance(row.account, str):

            return row.account

        else:

            return None

    def start_spreadsheet(self) -> None:

        for accrual_type in AccrualAccount:

            self.use_sheet(accrual_type.name.title())

            for index in range(self.COL_COUNT):

                stylename = self.style_widecol if index else ''

                self.sheet.addElement(odf.table.TableColumn(stylename=stylename))

            self.add_row(*(

                self.string_cell(name, stylename=self.style_bold)

                for name in self.COLUMNS

            ))

            self.lock_first_row()

    def start_section(self, key: Optional[data.Account]) -> None:

        if key is None:

            return

        self.age_thresholds = list(AccrualAccount.by_account(key).value.aging_thresholds)

        self.age_balances = [core.MutableBalance() for _ in self.age_thresholds]

        accrual_date = self.date - datetime.timedelta(days=self.age_thresholds[-1])

        acct_parts = key.slice_parts()

        self.use_sheet(acct_parts[1])

        self.add_row()

        self.add_row(self.string_cell(

            f"{' '.join(acct_parts[2:])} {acct_parts[1]} Aging Report"

            f" Accrued by {accrual_date.isoformat()} Unpaid by {self.date.isoformat()}",

            stylename=self.merge_styles(self.style_bold, self.style_centertext),

            numbercolumnsspanned=self.COL_COUNT,

        ))

        self.add_row()

    def end_section(self, key: Optional[data.Account]) -> None:

        if key is None:

            return

        total_balance = core.MutableBalance()

        text_style = self.merge_styles(self.style_bold, self.style_endtext)

        text_span = 4

        last_age_text: Optional[str] = None

        self.add_row()

        for threshold, balance in zip(self.age_thresholds, self.age_balances):

            years, days = divmod(threshold, 365)

            years_text = f"{years} {'Year' if years == 1 else 'Years'}"

            days_text = f"{days} Days"

            if years and days:

                age_text = f"{years_text} {days_text}"

            elif years:

                age_text = years_text

            else:

                age_text = days_text

            if last_age_text is None:

                age_range = f"Over {age_text}"

            else:

                age_range = f"{age_text}–{last_age_text}"

            self.add_row(

                self.string_cell(

                    f"Total Aged {age_range}: ",

                    stylename=text_style,

                    numbercolumnsspanned=text_span,

                ),

                *(odf.table.TableCell() for _ in range(1, text_span)),

                self.balance_cell(balance),

            )

            last_age_text = age_text

            total_balance += balance

        self.add_row(

            self.string_cell(

                "Total Unpaid: ",

                stylename=text_style,

                numbercolumnsspanned=text_span,

            ),

            *(odf.table.TableCell() for _ in range(1, text_span)),

            self.balance_cell(total_balance),

        )

    def _link_seq(self, row: AccrualPostings, key: MetaKey) -> Iterator[Tuple[str, str]]:

        for href in row.all_meta_links(key):

            rt_ids = self.rt_wrapper.parse(href)

                # '..' pops the ODS filename off the link path. In other words,

                # make the link relative to the directory the ODS is in.

                text = urlparse.unquote(href_path.name)

            yield (href, text)

    def write_row(self, row: AccrualPostings) -> None:

        age = (self.date - row[0].meta.date).days

        if row.end_balance.ge_zero():

            for index, threshold in enumerate(self.age_thresholds):

                if age >= threshold:

                    self.age_balances[index] += row.end_balance

                    break

            else:

                return

        raw_balance = row.balance()

        if row.accrual_type is not None:

            raw_balance = row.accrual_type.normalize_amount(raw_balance)

        if raw_balance == row.end_balance:

            amount_cell = odf.table.TableCell()

        else:

            amount_cell = self.balance_cell(raw_balance)

        projects = {post.meta.get('project') or None for post in row}

        projects.discard(None)

        self.add_row(

            self.date_cell(row[0].meta.date),

            self.multiline_cell(row.entities()),

            amount_cell,

            self.balance_cell(row.end_balance),

            self.multiline_cell(sorted(projects)),

            self.multilink_cell(self._link_seq(row, 'rt-id')),

            self.multilink_cell(self._link_seq(row, 'invoice')),

            self.multilink_cell(self._link_seq(row, 'approval')),

            self.multilink_cell(self._link_seq(row, 'contract')),

            self.multilink_cell(self._link_seq(row, 'purchase-order')),

        )

class AgingReport(BaseReport):

    def __init__(self,

                 rt_wrapper: rtutil.RT,

                 out_file: BinaryIO,

                 date: Optional[datetime.date]=None,

    ) -> None:

        if date is None:

            date = datetime.date.today()

        self.out_bin = out_file

        self.logger = logger.getChild(type(self).__name__)

        self.ods = AgingODS(rt_wrapper, date, self.logger)

    def run(self, groups: PostGroups) -> None:

        rows: List[AccrualPostings] = []

        for group in groups.values():

            if group.is_zero():

                # Cheap optimization: don't slice and dice groups we're not

                # going to report anyway.

                continue

            elif group.accrual_type is None:

                group = group.since_last_nonzero()

            else:

                # Filter out new accruals after the report date.

                # e.g., cover the case that the same invoices has multiple

                # postings over time, and we don't want to report too-recent

                # ones.

                cutoff_date = self.ods.date - datetime.timedelta(

                    days=group.accrual_type.value.aging_thresholds[-1],

                )

                group = AccrualPostings(

                    post for post in group.since_last_nonzero()

                    if post.meta.date <= cutoff_date

                    or group.accrual_type.normalize_amount(post.units.number) < 0

                )

            if group and not group.is_zero():

                rows.append(group)

        rows.sort(key=lambda related: (

            related.account,

            related[0].meta.date,

            ('\0'.join(related.entities())

             if related.entity is related.INCONSISTENT

             else related.entity),

        ))

        self.ods.write(rows)

        self.ods.save_file(self.out_bin)

class BalanceReport(BaseReport):

    def _report(self, posts: AccrualPostings, index: int) -> Iterable[str]:

        posts = posts.since_last_nonzero()

        date_s = posts[0].meta.date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')

        if index:

            yield ""

        yield f"{posts.invoice}:"

        yield f"  {posts.balance_at_cost()} outstanding since {date_s}"

class OutgoingReport(BaseReport):

    def __init__(self, rt_wrapper: rtutil.RT, out_file: TextIO) -> None:

        super().__init__(out_file)

        self.rt_wrapper = rt_wrapper

        self.rt_client = rt_wrapper.rt

    def _primary_rt_id(self, posts: AccrualPostings) -> rtutil.TicketAttachmentIds:

        rt_id = posts.rt_id

        if rt_id is None:

            raise ValueError("no rt-id links found")

        elif isinstance(rt_id, Sentinel):

            raise ValueError("multiple rt-id links found")

        parsed = rtutil.RT.parse(rt_id)

        if parsed is None:

            raise ValueError("rt-id is not a valid RT reference")

        else:

            return parsed

    def _report(self, posts: AccrualPostings, index: int) -> Iterable[str]:

        posts = posts.since_last_nonzero()

        try:

            ticket_id, _ = self._primary_rt_id(posts)

            ticket = self.rt_client.get_ticket(ticket_id)

            # Note we only use this when ticket is None.

            errmsg = f"ticket {ticket_id} not found"

        except (ValueError, rt.RtError) as error:

            ticket = None

            errmsg = error.args[0]

        if ticket is None:

            self.logger.error(

                "can't generate outgoings report for %s because no RT ticket available: %s",

                posts.invoice, errmsg,

            )

            return

        try:

            rt_requestor = self.rt_client.get_user(ticket['Requestors'][0])

        except (IndexError, rt.RtError):

            rt_requestor = None

        if rt_requestor is None:

            requestor = ''

            requestor_name = ''

        else:

            requestor_name = (

                rt_requestor.get('RealName')

                or ticket.get('CF.{payment-to}')

                or ''

            )

            requestor = f'{requestor_name} <{rt_requestor["EmailAddress"]}>'.strip()

        balance_s = posts.end_balance.format(None)

        raw_balance = -posts.balance()

        if raw_balance != posts.end_balance:

            balance_s = f'{raw_balance} ({balance_s})'

        contract_links = list(posts.all_meta_links('contract'))

        if contract_links:

            contract_s = ' , '.join(self.rt_wrapper.iter_urls(

                contract_links, missing_fmt='<BROKEN RT LINK: {}>',

            ))

        else:

            contract_s = "NO CONTRACT GOVERNS THIS TRANSACTION"

        projects = [v for v in posts.meta_values('project')

                    if isinstance(v, str)]

        yield "PAYMENT FOR APPROVAL:"

        yield f"REQUESTOR: {requestor}"

        yield f"TOTAL TO PAY: {balance_s}"

        yield f"AGREEMENT: {contract_s}"

        yield f"PAYMENT TO: {ticket.get('CF.{payment-to}') or requestor_name}"

        yield f"PAYMENT METHOD: {ticket.get('CF.{payment-method}', '')}"

        yield f"PROJECT: {', '.join(projects)}"

        yield "\nBEANCOUNT ENTRIES:\n"

        last_txn: Optional[Transaction] = None

        for post in posts:

            txn = post.meta.txn

            if txn is not last_txn:

                last_txn = txn

                txn = self.rt_wrapper.txn_with_urls(txn, '{}')

                yield bc_printer.format_entry(txn)

class ReportType(enum.Enum):

    AGING = AgingReport

    BALANCE = BalanceReport

    OUTGOING = OutgoingReport

    AGE = AGING

    BAL = BALANCE

    OUT = OUTGOING

    OUTGOINGS = OUTGOING

    @classmethod

    def by_name(cls, name: str) -> 'ReportType':

        try:

            return cls[name.upper()]

        except KeyError:

            raise ValueError(f"unknown report type {name!r}") from None

class ReturnFlag(enum.IntFlag):

    LOAD_ERRORS = 1

    # 2 was used in the past, it can probably be reclaimed.

    REPORT_ERRORS = 4

    NOTHING_TO_REPORT = 8

def filter_search(postings: Iterable[data.Posting],

                  search_terms: Iterable[cliutil.SearchTerm],

) -> Iterable[data.Posting]:

    accounts = tuple(AccrualAccount.account_names())

    postings = (post for post in postings if post.account.is_under(*accounts))

    for query in search_terms:

        postings = query.filter_postings(postings)

    return postings

def parse_arguments(arglist: Optional[Sequence[str]]=None) -> argparse.Namespace:

    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=PROGNAME)

    cliutil.add_version_argument(parser)

    parser.add_argument(

        '--report-type', '-t',

        metavar='NAME',

        type=ReportType.by_name,

        help="""The type of report to generate, one of `aging`, `balance`, or

`outgoing`. If not specified, the default is `aging` when no search terms are

given, `outgoing` for search terms that return a single outstanding payable,

and `balance` any other time.

""")

    parser.add_argument(

        '--since',

        metavar='YEAR',

        type=int,

        default=-1,

        help="""How far back to search the books for related transactions.

You can either specify a fiscal year, or a negative offset from the current

fiscal year, to start loading entries from. The default is -1 (start from the

previous fiscal year).

""")

    parser.add_argument(

        '--output-file', '-O',

        metavar='PATH',

        type=Path,

        help="""Write the report to this file, or stdout when PATH is `-`.

The default is stdout for the balance and outgoing reports, and a generated

filename for other reports.

""")

    cliutil.add_loglevel_argument(parser)

    parser.add_argument(

        'search_terms',

        metavar='FILTER',

        type=cliutil.SearchTerm.arg_parser('invoice', 'rt-id'),

        nargs=argparse.ZERO_OR_MORE,

        help="""Report on accruals that match this criteria. The format is

NAME=TERM. TERM is a link or word that must exist in a posting's NAME

metadata to match. A single ticket number is a shortcut for

`rt-id=rt:NUMBER`. Any other link, including an RT attachment link in

`TIK/ATT` format, is a shortcut for `invoice=LINK`.

""")

    args = parser.parse_args(arglist)

    if args.report_type is None and not args.search_terms:

        args.report_type = ReportType.AGING

    return args

def main(arglist: Optional[Sequence[str]]=None,

         stdout: TextIO=sys.stdout,

         stderr: TextIO=sys.stderr,

         config: Optional[configmod.Config]=None,

) -> int:

    args = parse_arguments(arglist)

    cliutil.set_loglevel(logger, args.loglevel)

    if config is None:

        config = configmod.Config()

        config.load_file()

    returncode = 0

    books_loader = config.books_loader()

    if books_loader is None:

        entries, load_errors, _ = books.Loader.load_none(config.config_file_path())

    elif args.report_type is ReportType.AGING:

        entries, load_errors, _ = books_loader.load_all()

    else:

        entries, load_errors, _ = books_loader.load_all(args.since)

    filters.remove_opening_balance_txn(entries)

    for error in load_errors:

        bc_printer.print_error(error, file=stderr)

        returncode |= ReturnFlag.LOAD_ERRORS

    postings = list(filter_search(

        data.Posting.from_entries(entries), args.search_terms,

    ))

    if not postings:

        logger.warning("no matching entries found to report")

        returncode |= ReturnFlag.NOTHING_TO_REPORT

    # groups is a mapping of metadata value strings to AccrualPostings.

    # The keys are basically arbitrary, the report classes don't rely on them,

    # but they do help symbolize what's being grouped.

    # For the outgoing approval report, groups maps rt-id link strings to

    # associated accruals.

    # For all other reports, groups starts by grouping postings together by

    # invoice link string, then uses AccrualReport.make_consistent() to split

    # out groups that need it.

    groups: PostGroups

    if args.report_type is None or args.report_type is ReportType.OUTGOING:

        groups = dict(AccrualPostings.group_by_first_meta_link(postings, 'rt-id'))

        if (args.report_type is None

            and len(groups) == 1

            and all(group.accrual_type is AccrualAccount.PAYABLE

                    and not group.is_paid()

                    and key  # Make sure we have a usable rt-id

                    for key, group in groups.items())

        ):

            args.report_type = ReportType.OUTGOING

    if args.report_type is not ReportType.OUTGOING:

        groups = {

            key: group

            for _, source in AccrualPostings.group_by_first_meta_link(postings, 'invoice')

            for key, group in source.make_consistent()

        }

    if args.report_type is not ReportType.AGING:

        groups = {

            key: posts for key, posts in groups.items() if not posts.is_paid()

        } or groups

    del postings

    report: Optional[BaseReport] = None

    output_path: Optional[Path] = None

    if args.report_type is ReportType.AGING:

        rt_wrapper = config.rt_wrapper()

        if rt_wrapper is None:

            logger.error("unable to generate aging report: RT client is required")

        else:

            now = datetime.datetime.now()

            if args.output_file is None:

                args.output_file = Path(now.strftime('AgingReport_%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M.ods'))

                logger.info("Writing report to %s", args.output_file)

            out_bin = cliutil.bytes_output(args.output_file, stdout)

            report = AgingReport(rt_wrapper, out_bin)

    elif args.report_type is ReportType.OUTGOING:

        rt_wrapper = config.rt_wrapper()

        if rt_wrapper is None:

            logger.error("unable to generate outgoing report: RT client is required")

        else:

            out_file = cliutil.text_output(args.output_file, stdout)

            report = OutgoingReport(rt_wrapper, out_file)

    else:

        out_file = cliutil.text_output(args.output_file, stdout)

        report = BalanceReport(out_file)

    if report is None:

        returncode |= ReturnFlag.REPORT_ERRORS

    else:

        report.run(groups)

    return 0 if returncode == 0 else 16 + returncode

entry_point = cliutil.make_entry_point(__name__, PROGNAME)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    exit(entry_point())