cliutil: Start module.

We're probably going to have a small handful of reporting tools.
This module has all the stuff I end up putting in all of them.

tests: Add test for trying to make outgoing report without rt-id.

Changes to other test cases are to make them *not* trip up this
error after adding it to the books.

accrual: Refactor reports into classes.

Preparation for introducing the aging report. This helps us
distinguish each report's setup requirements (different __init__ arguments).

tests: Refactor accrual tests.

Preparation for adding the aging report.

tests: Set locale environment variables.

To help tests get consistent formatting of currency.

reports: Add Balance.__eq__() method.

It turns out the provided implementation gets us most of the way there,
we just needed to add handling for the special case of zero balances.
Now it's confirmed with tests.

reports: Add RelatedPostings.balance_at_cost() method.

This makes it easy to get results similar to `ledger -V`.

data: Specify the type of Posting.cost.

The rationale is the same as it was for Posting.amount.

books.Loader: Ensure load_all properly sorts in chronological order.

The test changes make them order-sensitive, which they should be.
It's important that our loader methods return date-sorted entries
just like Beancount itself would.

reports.accrual: Exclude payments from default output. RT#11294.

This makes the output more useful for broad searches like on an
entity. Invoices that cross FY boundaries will appear to be paid
without being accrued, and so would appear when we were just
filtering zeroed-out invoices.

If we integrate the aging report into this module in the future,
that'll need to follow different logic, and just filter out
zeroed-out invoices. But the basic balance report and outgoing
report are more workaday tools, where more filtering makes them
more useful.

tests: Generate configuration in accrual-report tests.

Usually reduces the amount of testing boilerplate.

reports.Balance: Add eq_zero, ge_zero, and le_zero methods.

Support for RT#11294.

plugin: Be more selective about when ! skips validation.

It makes sense to let the bookkeeper skip validations in situations
where the metadata requires information that might not be available
when entered. It does not make sense to skip validations that *must*
be available and affect the structure of the books, like project and
entity.

This commit ensures every plugin hook has a test for flagged
transactions, even for hooks that currently have the desired
behavior where no code changes were required for the test to
pass.

accrual: Outgoing report doesn't put RT web links in < >.

The RT web interface doesn't handle angle brackets well, making the
`>` part of the link.

plugin: Revert default validation start date to FY2020.

While we ultimately want this change, it reveals a lot of errors
in the FY2019 books that we don't want to gum up the transition.

books.Loader: New loading strategy based on load_file. RT#11034.

Building a string and loading it means Beancount can never cache any
load. It only caches top-level file loads because options in the
top-level file can change the semantics of included entries.

Instead use load_file as much as possible, and filter entries as
needed.

meta_receipt: Allow invoice as fallback documentation for checking credits.

We need this for incoming ACH where there is neither a receipt nor check.

rtutil: Avoid loading from a URI in RTLinkCache.setup.

See comments for rationale. RT#10543.

test_rtutil: Capture debug logs for test_read_only_cache.

To help with SUSE installation, RT#10543.

rtutil: Add debug logging to RTLinkCache.setup.

To help with RT#10543.

test_rtutil: Implement our own nullcontext.

contextlib.nullcontext does not exist in Python 3.6.

meta_entity: More battle testing.

See the test cases for examples of real entities in the books
that we should accept for now.

books.Loader: New loading strategy.

The old loading strategy didn't load options, which yielded some
spurious errors. It also created awkward duplication of plugin
information in the code as well as the books.

Implement a new loading strategy that works by reading one of the
"main files" under the books/ subdirectory and includes entries
for additional FYs beyond that.

This is still not ideal in a lot of ways. In particular, Beancount can't
cache any results, causing any load to be slower than it theoretically could
be. I expect more commits to follow. But some of them might require
restructuring the books, and that should happen separately.

reports.accrual: Begin reporting.

This module basically reimplements the old payment-report+income-report,
in a single tool (after setting aside some of the checks that have moved
to the plugin). The aging report can be implemented here too when we need
that.

Revert "meta_receipt: Don't check chargebacks. RT#10978."

This reverts commit 6aadb740e619d19352370a992b46e54268f48033.
This is supposed to be done in meta_approval, not meta_receipt.

plugin: Don't check payable documentation for now.

I believe we still want this in principle, but we're not currently enforcing
it the way I thought we were, and we very regularly write Payables without
this supporting documentation (for trip reimbursement, regular service fees,
etc.). Enforcing this now would be way too noisy in the books, we need to
devise a separate plan to enforce this if we want it.

tests: Test where Transactions are real NamedTuples.

This makes methods like _replace available in real code, and caught the
bug where we can't use @functools.lru_cache with Transaction arguments,
because they're unhashable due to their mutable members.

data: Add rt-id to LINK_METADATA.

This gets closer to our real intentions: anything that checks link
metadata should check rt-id. MetaRepoLinks is the exception, not
the rule, in ignoring rt-id.

setup: Don't disallow untyped calls.

Unfortunately this is becoming more trouble than it's worth as we
call more and more untyped Beancount functions.
disallow_untyped_defs provides most of the value of what we really
want here, so go ahead and turn this off.

beancount_types: Make Error.source a Mapping rather than a Dict.

The Beancount code just needs a mapping, and this lets us use
Metadata or PostingMeta objects for Error sources.

data: Type declare that Posting.meta is a PostingMeta.

This is necessary for users to call PostingMeta properties like date
as intended.

tests: Add sample configuration file.

This should've been included in 7f45788.

rtutil: Add RTUtil.metadata_regexp() classmethod.

The accruals check script wants to be able to search RT links in
all kinds of metadata, not just rt-id as the filter currently
handles.

reports: Add RelatedPostings.meta_values() method.

This corresponds to the ledtag_onevalue check in the
payment-report and income-report scripts.

beancount_types: Add types related to loading the books.

These will help support loading methods in the books module.

books: Introduce Year type alias.

This is going to be repeated a lot as we write book-loading methods.

config: Start configuration file with books path.

Ultimately I would like to make it possible to configure the software
entirely through this file, rather than the hodgepodge system we have
now. But that can come later.

core.RelatedPostings: Add iter_with_balance method.

payment-report and accrual-report query to find the last date a
series of postings had a non/zero balance. This method is a good
building block for that.

data: Bugfix super() arguments in Amount.__new__.

Apparently I was more tired than I realized last night.

data: Fix Amount.__new__.

See the comments for background and rationale.

data: Move iter_posting into Posting class methods.

As I move into reporting code, having Posting.from_beancount() is
handy, and then from_txn() might as well come along for the ride.

data.PostingMeta: Add date property.

This is something reporting tools will want a lot. This will make it
easier for them to look at just postings without worrying about the
parent transaction.