in the place where they are used is second nature.  As such, adding a defined

terms section was not terribly problematic for developers, and thus GPLv3

adds one.  Most of these defined terms are somewhat straightforward and bring

forward better worded definitions from GPLv2.  Herein, this tutorial

discusses a few of the new ones.

GPLv3~\S0 includes definitions of five new terms not found in any form in

GPLv2: ``modify'' ``covered work'', ``propagate'', ``convey'', and

``Appropriate Legal Notices''. 

\subsection{Modify and the Work Based on the Program}

%  FIXME: I think we actually need to research the claim below that

%  ``derivative work'' as a term is unique to USA copyright law.  I have

%  heard German lawyers, for example, use the term extensively.  Is it also a

%  term perhaps under German law?  -- bkuhn

GPLv2 included a defined term, ``work based on the Program'', but also used

the term ``modify'' and ``based on'' throughout the license.  GPLv2's ``work

based on the Program'' definition made use of a legal term of art,

``derivative work'', which is peculiar to USA copyright

law\footnote{(Ironically, most criticism of USA-specific legal

terminology in GPLv2's ``work based on the Program'' definition historically

came not primarily from readers outside the USA, but from those within

  views, and expressed puzzlement by the energy with which they were

  expressed, given the existence of many other, more difficult legal issues

  implicated by the GPL.  Nevertheless, the FSF argued that it made sense to

  eliminate usage of local copyright terminology to good effect.}.  GPLv2

always sought to cover all rights governed by relevant copyright law, in the

USA and elsewhere.

Even though differently-labeled concepts corresponding to the

derivative work are recognized in all copyright law systems, these

counterpart concepts might differ to some degree in scope and breadth from

the USA derivative work.  GPLv3 therefore takes the task of

internationalizing the license further by removing references to derivative

works and by providing a more globally useful definition.

GPLv3 drops all reference to USA ``derivative works'' and returns

to the base concept only: GPL covers the licensed work and all works where

copyright permission from the licensed work's copyright holder.

The new definitions returns to the common elements of copyright law.  Copyright

holders of works of software have the exclusive right to form new works by

modification of the original --- a right that may be expressed in various

ways in different legal systems.  GPLv3 operates to grant this right to

successive generations of users (particularly through the copyleft conditions

set forth in GPLv3~\S5, as described later in this tutorial in its

\S~\ref{GPLv3s5}).  Here in GPLv3~\S0, ``modify'' refers to basic copyright

rights, and then this definition of ``modify'' is used to define ``modified